HTML Web Accessibility

Building inclusive web experiences through semantic HTML and proper accessibility practices

Accessibility isn't optional - it's essential. Learn how to create websites that work for everyone, regardless of abilities.

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Semantic HTML Structure

Landmark Elements & ARIA Roles

<header>High Priority
role="banner"

Page or section header

Example: Site logo, main navigation
<nav>High Priority
role="navigation"

Navigation links

Example: Main menu, breadcrumbs
<main>High Priority
role="main"

Primary content

Example: Article content, product details
<article>High Priority
role="article"

Self-contained content

Example: Blog post, news story
<section>Medium Priority
role="region"

Thematic grouping

Example: Chapter, related items
<aside>Medium Priority
role="complementary"

Supplementary content

Example: Sidebar, pull quotes
<footer>Medium Priority
role="contentinfo"

Page or section footer

Example: Contact info, copyright

Document Structure Visualization

Header - Banner landmark
Main Content - Main landmark
Article - Article landmark
Section - Region landmark
Footer - Contentinfo landmark

Accessibility Checklist

āœ“
āœ“ Semantic HTML structure
āœ“
āœ“ Proper heading hierarchy
āœ“
āœ“ Alt text for images
āœ“
āœ“ Keyboard navigation
āœ“
āœ“ Color contrast compliance
āœ“
āœ“ Form labels and instructions
āœ“
āœ“ ARIA landmarks and roles
āœ“
āœ“ Focus management
āœ“
āœ“ Screen reader testing
āœ“
āœ“ Mobile accessibility

Accessibility Impact

16%
Global population has disabilities
1B+
People need accessible websites
71%
Leave sites with access issues

Testing Tools

axe DevTools
Automated testing
WAVE Evaluation
Visual accessibility
Lighthouse
Audit suite
NVDA
Screen reader testing
VoiceOver
Mac screen reader
JAWS
Windows screen reader

Legal Standards

āœ“ WCAG 2.1 Level AA
āœ“ Section 508 (US)
āœ“ ADA Compliance
āœ“ EN 301 549 (EU)
āœ“ AODA (Canada)
āœ“ Disability Discrimination Act
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